National Atomic Testing Museum
For a decade this was "the Atomic City" — mushroom clouds on the horizon, and a debt the desert is still paying.
Key facts
- The Smithsonian-affiliated National Atomic Testing Museum (755 E Flamingo Rd) opened in 2005 and tells the story of the Nevada Test Site; it was designated "National" in 2011.
- The Nevada Test Site, ~65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, ran roughly 100 above-ground atmospheric tests (1951–1962) and about 830 underground tests (through 1992) — some 928 detonations in all.
- In the 1950s Las Vegas embraced the tests as tourism — mushroom clouds were visible from downtown and hotel rooftops, the Chamber of Commerce printed test schedules, there were "Dawn Bomb Parties," and a showgirl was crowned "Miss Atomic Bomb" in 1957.
- Fallout from above-ground tests drifted over communities in Nevada, Utah and Arizona, where elevated cancer rates followed; the U.S. government acknowledged the harm and has compensated affected "downwinders" under the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA, first enacted 1990; reauthorized and expanded in 2025).
Narration transcript
Our last stop, on your right: the National Atomic Testing Museum. Park here if you have an hour — but even from the car, this is where the strangest chapter of the valley lives.
About sixty-five miles northwest of where you're sitting, the United States spent forty years testing nuclear weapons. Around a hundred of those blasts, in the 1950s, went off in the open air — and Las Vegas, being Las Vegas, sold tickets. The mushroom clouds were visible from downtown rooftops. The Chamber of Commerce printed the test schedule like a show calendar. There were dawn "bomb parties," an atomic cocktail, and in 1957, a showgirl crowned Miss Atomic Bomb. For a few years this really was branded "the Atomic City."
There is a harder truth underneath the kitsch, and it deserves one plain sentence. The fallout drifted over communities in Nevada, Utah and Arizona, cancer rates rose among the people downwind, and the government has since acknowledged that harm and compensated those it calls the downwinders.
That's our tour — the valley the Strip forgot, from its first spring to its last secret. On your screen there's one more idea for the road, out past the edge of town. Thank you for riding along.
Song heard here
▶ Atomic Cocktail — Slim Gaillard Quartette (Slim Gaillard - Topic) ↗